Definition. Educational Robotics is conceived as a learning environment that engages participants in the design and construction of their own creations (objects that have body and movement control) first mental and then physical, built with different materials and controlled by a computer, called simulations or prototypes. These creations can be rooted in a real reference, for example, an automated industrial process, in which students recreate from the appearance of the machines to the forms of movement or to interact with the environment, then we have a simulation , or corresponding to prototype design and control of a product that solves a particular problem in your school, your home or community, an industry or industrial process. Also the production of students could integrate both prototypes and simulations.
Teaching robotics main objective the adaptation of students to current production processes where automation (technology that is related to the use of mechanical, electronic and computer-based control in the operation and production) has a important role. However, it believes that robotics poses challenges that go beyond a job application. Moreover, the actual construction of robots allows the understanding of concepts related to complex dynamic systems. In order to obtain the desired behavior, the student designs the mind (programming), artificial organism's body, subsequently perfected through continuous testing the design of various aspects to achieve the desired objective.
Another aspect in the study of robotics is the essential need for a perfect coupling between software and hardware of the robot. It is important for team members, selected areas according to your preference, either in relation to the physical construction or programming of the robot. Communication between those responsible for programming and construction produces a very interesting relationship with respect to student behavior. Individualistic behavior repeatedly leads to failure, it is necessary that students share their experiences, your project, and discuss with peers and again the characteristics of the robot which together to reach a satisfactory solution. The construction of autonomous robots or automated control process allows the student to analyze and modify all the variables found in the industrial process, for example in the construction of closed loop systems, you can program the behavior of the motors based on the information provide you with the sensors. In fixed systems will define the steps of the behavior of automated process. It is essential that students know the different control systems and its main functions, based on the theory to apply their knowledge thus to build devices that meet the goal set.
Characteristics of work in robotics. Robotics
physics. Can be of two ways: Using educational kits. In this regard, to name one example, we have the Lego Mindstorms, which has a fundamental component, the RCX, a small computer with the following features: Processor Hitachi H80, 32 Kb Ram, entrance for three analog sensors, three actuators output , an infrared port I / S, a display and a beeper, Another kit may be the Bassic Stamp, is more open than before, but with the disadvantage that it is necessary to have more knowledge of electronics for operation.
simulated robot. is considered that it can not meet the physical robot, but enables students to face problems in programming robots. Robotic systems are easy to mock as Mazerobots or Karel Software, which allow you to program the behavior of robots using sensors, motors and other aspects of a real robot, the interfaces are friendly and simple programming languages. There are other more complex programs like RobotBattle, implement as many features of the physical robot, such as parallelism, communication between robots, collaborative work, use of traffic lights, among others. A simulated robotics is missing all the physical aspects, without embsrgo complies with other features such as simulated robots are not spent, do not fall apart, do not slip, do not run out of batteries, then then educational robotics without physical robots is not robotic, is programming.
appropriate educational system. Educational robotics system, generally consists of three main parts: the computer via a control program determines the behavior of the whole system. A physical system to be controlled, which can range from a model with lights up and flying robot interface, is in charge ofa physical system with the computer.
Robotics as an educational project. We found that it is understood as a set of experiences involving teaching and learning in a particular content area, that run on a set of institutions of a country, region and even internationally, serving main guidelines, legislative, methodological and didactic similar . At present the educational robotics is a discipline that new generations should know. Business and industry have incorporated multiple production processes and technological elements that include automation and control processes, which means the demand for young people to have training options in this field.
When you start an educational project must be fully justified, and the first reason is not technology but the human aspect, which involves the preliminary analysis to determine, social skills, cognitive and technology to promote and levels of understanding that before choosing promote technological resources.
When we speak of an educational project must be founded on a pedagogical framework interesting and understandable for those who have the responsibility to produce it. Robotics as an educational project is based on constructivism, as proposed determining curricular teaching for understanding, as a methodological framework approach project-based learning, these approaches facilitate the introduction of various content areas where students are at a maximum degree of understanding, on the other hand, requires that the desired content and expected outputs, otherwise, the didactic, is reduced to a methodology without clarity of purpose.
is advisable to define the issues, getting projects to focus on the simulation, behavior and actual operation of industrial and production processes, sites, events or solving community problems. This in order to create diversity of group projects that address a central theme from seeking more specialized research and study. A project of educational robotics will be effective when seeking to strengthen skills that are likely to be discovered or improved as the projection, creativity, design, product evaluation, the automation and control, problem solving, among other .
As for the learning environment we highlight an important factor, the relationship and interactions that occur in the classroom between students and educators, among them the resources. Just as educational standards, environment should be provided and organized according to the skills or work expected. The experience says that those groups comprising students of different ages, backgrounds and stages of maturity, are more productive and creative than those formed with some uniformity.
The teacher is another factor to consider, as this measure or facilitated learning with students. There must be a very important feature of that person will be available or display a positive attitude towards technology, it should be noted for their interest in the innovation, creativity and change, but mainly, it must have a vocation to teaching, satisfaction in sharing what who knows and willingness to learn from and with their students.
to carry out educational robotics is another aspect to consider is the technological resource, the criteria should be determined by the characteristics of the pedagogical approach in the learning environment, taking as a starting point:
What and how will the projects assigned to students: group, individual, small buildings or private mechanisms.
What many students will benefit: If there is high demand for technology resources, it is necessary to address the group on continuous periods is not possible to disassemble and assemble in each lesson.
What technology resources are essential and which can be replaced by lower cost, eg, the number of motors, sensors, lights, sirens, interfaces (RCX, Handy, Crikets; GOGO Boards, pico) to be acquired will depend on the amount of machines that are available and the number of students to attend.
What kind of mechanisms will be built. If the proposal encourages the study of mechanisms should be made for many, simple machines and mechanical operators can be decided by gear trains recovered electronic equipment or technology in use, such as: CD, control toys, gears, printer, scanner or other, but are necessary tools to disassemble, cut, weld and paste.
An educational robotics project requires consultants or specialists in the field of robotics research and education, are well aware of the pedagogical, and also has practical experience from working with students. This is the follow up stage, which is essential for the teacher who must feel the support and confidence of those who advise and can learn their strengths and weaknesses.
Conclusion. In our case study of the discipline that deals with research requires taking time, from definition to Application forms, knowledge is insufficient, even before this work is limited to the concept of robot and some applications of robotics in different fields, but especially physical robotics applied to education had not been studied .
is considered that the teaching of educational robotics should be encouraged since joining the curriculum, curriculum content while not complying with the requirements arising from scientific and technological advances, we will be unable to generate the skills and capabilities necessary for our graduates enter the workplace. There are priorities, one of them ongoing training of teachers, an important factor to consider when actually there is a change based on the constructivist model.
To implement educational robotics is strictly necessary to form an interdisciplinary team of specialists in the areas of knowledge: information technology, telematics, communication and educational technologies, career managers, educators, psychologists, sociologists, mechanical engineering, electrical, and electronics, among others.
Source:
Ana Lourdes Acuña Zuñiga. Educational Robotics Project: Engines for Innovation. Omar Dengo Foundation (ODF), Area Robotics and Learning by Design, Costa Rica. Ordor
http://www.fod.ac.cr/publicaciones/Proyectos_de_robotica_educativa_motores_para_la_innovacion.pdf
Hector Arnaldo. Robotics from a pedagogical perspective. Journal of Computer Education and Audiovisual Vol 2 (5). Pp. 33-48. 2005. 1667-8338 NO LIE-FI-UBA. Simple
http://www.fi.uba.ar/laboratorios/lie/Revista/Articulos/020205/A4ago2005.pdf
Informática.http: / / simpleinformatica.com.ar / Robotica.htm
Gonzalo Zabala. Roboliga - Educational Robotics in Argentina. Center for Advanced Studies - Faculty Information Technology - UAI.
http://caeti.uai.edu.ar/GIDRA/proyectos/papers% 20 -% 20proyect/Roboliga% 20 -% 20Robotica% 20educativa% 20in% 20the% 20Argentina.pdf
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